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Nose Bleeds in Adults

Nose bleeds

Nosebleeds, or epistaxis, in adults can be caused by a variety of factors and often occur due to the fragility of blood vessels in the nasal passages. Here’s an explanation of the causes and treatment options:

Causes of Nosebleeds in Adults

  • Dry Air Dry:  indoor air, especially during winter months or in arid climates, can cause the nasal membranes to dry out and become more susceptible to bleeding.
  • Nasal Trauma: Injury to the nose, such as from picking, blowing too hard, or contact sports, can lead to nosebleeds.
  • Allergies: Allergic reactions to pollen, dust, mold, or other allergens can cause inflammation and irritation in the nasal passages, leading to nosebleeds.
  • Sinus Infections: Infections of the sinuses can cause inflammation and congestion, leading to increased pressure on blood vessels and potential nosebleeds.
  • Nasal Deformities: Structural abnormalities in the nasal passages, such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps, can increase the risk of nosebleeds.
  • Underlying Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as hypertension (high blood pressure), blood clotting disorders, or chronic liver disease, can contribute to nosebleeds.
  • Nose cancer can also present this way. It is therefore important to evaluate any persistent nose bleeds
  • Medications: Some medications, such as blood thinners (anticoagulants) or nasal sprays used for allergies or congestion, may increase the likelihood of nosebleeds as a side effect.

Treatment Options for Nosebleeds in Adults

First Aid:

  • Sit upright and lean forward slightly to prevent blood from flowing down the throat.
  • Pinch the soft part of the nose, just below the bridge, for about 10-15 minutes to apply pressure and stop the bleeding.
  • Avoid tilting the head back, as this can cause blood to flow into the throat and may lead to swallowing or choking.

Moisturise and Hydrate:

  • Use a saline nasal spray or apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly inside the nostrils to keep the nasal passages moist.
  • Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, which helps maintain the moisture levels in the nasal membranes.

Avoid Irritants:

  • Refrain from blowing the nose forcefully or picking at it, as this can exacerbate irritation and prolong bleeding.
  • Avoid exposure to known allergens or irritants that may trigger nasal inflammation and bleeding.

Medical Interventions:

  • If nosebleeds are frequent or severe, consult a healthcare professional like an Ear Nose Throat Specialist for further evaluation.
  • In some cases, cauterisation (sealing off the bleeding blood vessel) or nasal packing may be necessary to stop recurrent nosebleeds.
  • Often a nasal scope of the nose is needed to exclude any significant issues.

Address Underlying Conditions:

  • Manage underlying medical conditions, such as hypertension or blood clotting disorders, with the guidance of a healthcare provider.
  • Adjust or monitor medications that may contribute to nosebleeds, under medical supervision.

Remember, while most nosebleeds in adults are minor and resolve with simple home care, seek medical attention if nosebleeds are frequent, prolonged, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as dizziness, difficulty breathing, or signs of significant blood loss. Your healthcare provider can offer personalised advice and treatment options based on the underlying cause and severity of the nosebleeds.